Product Application Guide- 22mm Industrial Alarms with Terminal Block Part Number Structure ZA 016 L D CT Series: ZA = 22mm Maximum Voltage: 016 = 6 - 16; 028 = 16 - 28; 048 = 28 - 48; 120 = 48 - 120 Sound Level: L = Loud (85 - 95 dB @ 2 ft); M = Medium (75 - 85 dB @ 2 ft) S = Soft (65 - 75 dB @ 2 ft) Voltage Type: D = DC Only; A = AC or DC Function: CT = Continuous Tone; FP1 = Fast Pulse; MP1 = Medium Pulse SP1 = Slow Pulse; DP2 = Fast Double Pulse; DP3 = Slow Double Pulse PS1 = Short Pulse Tone DL1 = 10 Sec. Delay; SS1 = 1 Min On-Time; SU2 = Fast Speed-Up CM1 = Chime Tone DT7 = Fast Warble; DT8 = Slow Warble SR8 = Fast Siren; SR9 = Slow Siren MT1 Thru MT8 = Multi-Tones

Page 2 Sound Descriptions • Continuous Tone: Constant tone until voltage is removed • Fast Pulse Tone: 10 pulses per second • Medium Pulse Tone: 5 pulses per second • Slow Pulse Tone: 1 pulse per second • Fast Double Pulse Tone: 1 double beep every half second • Slow Double Pulse Tone: 1 double beep every 2 seconds • Short Pulse Tone: 1 beep per second (on for 0.1 sec / off for 0.9 sec) • 10 Sec. Delay: Wait 10 seconds before issuing continuous tone • 1 Min On-Time: Issue continuous tone for 1 minute and then turn off • Fast Speed-Up: Over 30 sec’s, speed up from 1 beep per 2 sec’s to 8 beeps per sec • Chime Tone: Repeating chime sound at 1 chime every three seconds • Fast Warble: Alternate between two frequencies at 7 warbles per second • Slow Warble: Alternate between two frequencies at 1.5 warbles per second • Fast Siren: Sweeping siren sound at 5 sweeps per second • Slow Siren: Sweeping siren sound at 2 sweeps per second • Multi-Tone: Four different tones in one package. See below table for list of sounds.

Page 3 Mounting Instructions: • Panel Hole Cut Out • Panel Hole Size: 22.5 mm with Keyway • Maximum Panel Thickness: 12.7 mm (0.5 in) • Maximum Nut Torque: 10 in-lbs (1.13 n-m) Electrical Connection: DC AC/DC ONLY • Wire Strip Length: 6.5 mm (0.256 in) • Wire Size: 30 to 16 AWG • Maximum Screw Torque: 2 in-lbs (0.226 n-m) Certifications: • RoHS; UL; cUL; NEMA 3R/4X/12; IP-66; CSA 22.2 No. 94 o Included gasket must be used to maintain NEMA 3R/4X/12 ratings.

Page 4 cUL On-Line Listing: UL On-line Listing:

Page 5 Sound Level vs Distance: Various ZA Series Sound Level Category Measurement Loud Medium Soft Distances 85 – 95 dB @ 2 ft 75 – 85 dB @ 2 ft 65 – 85 dB @ 2 ft 10 cm (4 in) 100 to 110 dB 90 to 100 dB 80 to 90 dB 30 cm (1 ft) 91 to 101 dB 81 to 91 dB 71 to 81 dB 1 Meter 82 to 92 dB 72 to 82 dB 62 to 72 dB 10 ft 71 to 81 dB 61 to 71 dB 51 to 61 dB • The ZA Series of 22mm alarms measures sound level at 2 feet. Since sound level drops over distance, the above chart lists the equivalent sound levels at various distances. • For example, if the Mallory part is in the LOUD sound level category, it has a sound level of 85 to 95 dB at 2 feet. At 10 cm, the sound level would measure 100 to 110 dB. Packaging: • Standard orders are bulk packed. Accessories & Replacement Parts: Part Number Description Notes 22MMGASKET Replacement NEMA Gasket Gasket comes with part 22MMNUT Replacement Nut Nut comes with part

Page 6 Piezoelectric Electronic Alarm Construction The above cross section picture shows the basic elements used in a piezoelectric audible alarm. The area in front of the transducer element including the front hole opening forms an acoustic cavity that lets the sound radiate out with the most efficiency (i.e. loudest sound level). If the alarm is an indicator that contains a circuit board, the circuit board is attached to the piezoelectric sounder element via soldered wires. The above picture can be interpreted to represent a board mount package with pc pin terminations, but the same concept is used when building audible alarms in other mounting configurations such as SMT, Flange Mount, and Panel Mount alarms. If the back of the alarm is sealed with epoxy or other material, the “guts” of the alarm (including the circuit board and components) are protected against fluid intrusion. However, fluid sitting inside the front cavity can obstruct the operation of the device causing the sound level to decrease significantly. If you need to wash the alarms after a soldering operation, it is strongly recommended to use an alarm that comes with a wash label that keeps the washing fluid from getting inside of the front cavity.

Page 7 Operation of Piezoelectric Audible Alarms Piezoelectric electronic audible alarms work by converting the user input voltage to an appropriate oscillating signal that is applied to a sounder element that is mounted in a housing. The piezoelectric sounder element consists of a metal disc that has a special ceramic material bonded to it that physically bends when voltage is applied to it. The above picture shows a bare piezoelectric sounder element. By applying a sinusoidal wave- form at an appropriate frequency, the transducer will physically deflect in one direction and then in the opposite direction following the shape of the input wave-form. If this oscillation occurs in the audible frequency range (1 Hz to 20 kHz), then air pressure waves are produced that the human ear interprets as an audible sound. The larger the voltage of the applied wave-form, the larger the amplitude of the air pressure waves resulting in a louder sound level. However, the ceramic portion of the transducer can only bend so far before there is a risk of a catastrophic failure. This maximum voltage is somewhere around 40 to 50 volts. However, it is rare to apply this much voltage to a transducer as you reach a point of diminishing returns for voltages much greater than 32 volts. By itself, the sound level produced by a transducer element is insignificant. To increase the size of the air pressure waves (and thus the sound level), the transducer element must be mounted inside an acoustic chamber that is optimized for the transducer size and resonant frequency. Every transducer has one frequency where it flexes more efficiently producing the louder sound levels. This frequency where the transducer performs the best is called the resonant frequency. Self-Drive type devices provide a 3rd terminal that connects to an isolated portion of the piezoelectric transducer. This third terminal provides a feed-back signal that is 180 degrees out of phase with the drive signal. This signal can be fed back into the circuit to allow the sounder element to self-tune itself to the transducer’s resonant frequency.

Page 8 Decibel Sound Level Scale The decibel sound level scale is an arbitrary scale that ranges from 0 dB (threshold of hearing) to 130 dB (threshold of pain). The chart below shows where some common sounds fall on this dB scale. Audible alarms are available that have sound levels as soft as 55 dB at 2 feet and as loud as 110 dB at 2 feet.

Page 9 Fundamental Frequency & Harmonics Below is a frequency scan of a piezoelectric audible alarm that has a resonant frequency of 2,800 Hz. As you can see, there is a strong frequency peak at 2.8 kHz and several smaller frequency peaks that follow called harmonic frequencies. The table below the chart shows that the size of the harmonic frequencies are significantly smaller than the fundamental frequency for this particular alarm unit. Because this alarm has a large fundamental frequency and much smaller harmonic frequencies, the sound quality of this part will be very good. When this alarm is activated, the listener will hear one clear frequency (also called sound pitch) from the alarm. Other electronic alarm technologies such as electro-magnetic or electro-mechanical type alarms often have much larger harmonic frequency components resulting in less clear tone.

Page 10 Typical Failure Modes of Piezoelectric Audible Alarms Component/Subsystem Failure Mode End Result Occurrence Circuit Components Over-voltage by customer’s Unit ceases working. Vast (Resistors, Capacitors, application Majority of Diodes, IC’s, etc.) Returns Transducer/Wire Solder Not enough wire strands in Wire breaks after Rare Operation solder joint period of time & unit ceases sounding Physical Assembly Transducer wire pinched, Intermittent operation Rare adhesive/epoxy run down onto transducer, or RTV adhesive seal failure Soldering Operation Incorrect Solder Temperature Intermittent operation Very Rare or Time Causing Cold Solder or unit ceases working Joint after period of time Circuit Components Random Component Failure; Unit ceases working Very Rare Wrong Component Used; under normal Missing Component operating conditions Transducer Wire Defect in Wire; Wire breaks after Very Rare Wire Strands Damaged in period of time & unit Production ceases sounding Piezo Transducer Incorrect Polarization by Sound volume level Exceedingly Manufacturer; decreases over time. Rare Glue Bonding Failure Notes: 1. Customer returns of Mallory audible alarms for failure to operate are very rare. Of the few parts returned each year, the vast majority of the root cause of failure is an over- voltage or voltage spike condition caused by the customer’s application. 2. All Mallory alarms are, at a minimum, function tested 100% during production, and a final audit is performed. Mallory SC/SBM/SBT/SBS/SNP/LSC/VSB/MSR/MSO/ZA series of alarms are audited 100% at final test by checking that sound level, frequency, and current are within specification limits from 2 to 4 different voltage levels.